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Government Debt to GDP by Country

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Summary

This data measures government debt as a percentage of GDP for many countries. Japan has the highest ratio at 236.7%, while Turkmenistan has the lowest at 4.6%. High ratios show debt exceeds economic output, which affects fiscal sustainability and borrowing costs.

Key findings

  • Japan debt to GDP reaches 236.7%.
  • Venezuela records 164.3% ratio.
  • Greece stands at 150.9%.
  • Italy hits 135.3% debt level.
  • USA shows 120.8% debt to GDP.

Metrics Framework

  • Debt to GDP is ratio of government debt to gross domestic product in percent.
  • Unit of measure is percentage (%).
  • Data covers IMF recent estimates, likely 2023.
  • Includes general government gross debt.

Tags

#DebtToGDP#GovernmentDebt#IMF#GlobalEconomy

Table View

CountryDebt To Gdp Percent
Japan236.7
Venezuela164.3
Greece150.9
Italy135.3
USA120.8
France113.1
Canada110.8
Belgium104.5
Spain101.8
UK101.3
Portugal94.9
Egypt90.9
Ukraine89.8
China88.3
El Salvador87.6
Brazil87.3
Finland82.5
India81.3
Austria81.2
Hungary73.5
Yemen70.9
Malaysia70.4
Israel67.8
Slovenia67
Cyprus65.3
Germany63.9
Montenegro62.6
Colombia61.3
Costa Rica60.2
Iceland59.1
Slovak Republic58
Croatia57.6
Thailand57.2
Philippines57.1
Panama56.6
Albania55.7
Poland55.3
North Macedonia54.8
Romania54.6
Nigeria52.9
South Korea52.5
Australia49.8
Tanzania48.2
Malta47.4
Latvia47.4
Serbia44.5
Belarus44.4
Mongolia44.4
Netherlands43.2
Czech Republic43
Norway42.7
Chile42
Honduras41.1
Ireland41.1
Indonesia40.2
Nicaragua39.1
Lithuania38.2
Moldova38.1
Georgia37.9
Switzerland37.6
Vietnam32.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina32.8
Uzbekistan32.6
Sweden32.6
Ethiopia32.3
UAE32.1
Peru30.9
Tajikistan29.5
Denmark28
Cambodia26.6
Taiwan26.2
Luxembourg26
Turkey26
Kazakhstan24.8
Bulgaria24.1
Estonia23.6
Russia20.3
Congo19.3
Nauru17.6
Kosovo16.9
Kiribati9.9
Turkmenistan4.6

Analysis

Top Debt Leaders
Japan tops the list with 236.7% debt to GDP. Venezuela follows at 164.3%, and Greece at 150.9%. Italy reaches 135.3%, and USA stands at 120.8%. France records 113.1%, Canada 110.8%, Belgium 104.5%, Spain 101.8%, and UK 101.3%. These ten countries all exceed 100%, signaling heavy debt loads relative to their economies. The data highlights risks from past stimulus and crises.
Europe High Debt
Greece leads Europe at 150.9% debt to GDP. Italy follows with 135.3%, France at 113.1%, and Belgium at 104.5%. Spain hits 101.8%, UK 101.3%, Portugal 94.9%, Finland 82.5%, Austria 81.2%, and Germany 63.9%. Many European nations show ratios above 60%, with over half in this group over 50%. This pattern points to shared fiscal challenges in the region.
Emerging Markets Levels
Egypt has 90.9% debt to GDP, Ukraine 89.8%, China 88.3%, El Salvador 87.6%, and Brazil 87.3%. India stands at 81.3%, Hungary 73.5%, Yemen 70.9%, and Malaysia 70.4%. Israel records 67.8%, Slovenia 67%, Cyprus 65.3%, and Colombia 61.3%. These values around 60-90% reflect pressures in growing economies from revenue shortfalls and spending needs.
Low Debt Countries
Germany shows 63.9% debt to GDP, lower than many peers. Costa Rica at 60.2%, Iceland 59.1%, Slovak Republic 58%, Croatia 57.6%, Thailand 57.2%, and Philippines 57.1% follow mid-range. Russia has 20.3%, Congo 19.3%, Nauru 17.6%, Kiribati 9.9%, and Turkmenistan the lowest at 4.6%. Low ratios under 50% appear in resource-rich or smaller nations.

Related Visuals

General Government Debt to GDP Ratio by Country, 2024 IMF

Japan leads with a staggering 226. 8% debt-to-GDP ratio, far exceeding the global average of 96.
map-worldimf.org

Government Debt to GDP Ratio by Country, 2024 IMF

Japan's debt-to-GDP ratio soars to 236. 66% in 2024, underscoring persistent fiscal pressures in advanced economies.
map-worldimf.org

Government Debt by Country, USD Trillions and % of GDP, 2024

The USA carries the world's largest government debt at $38. 3 trillion, representing 125% of its GDP and underscoring its economic dominance amid fiscal expansion.
barlinkedin.com

FAQ

Debt to GDP measures government debt divided by gross domestic product, shown as percent. It shows debt size against economic output. Higher percent means debt is large compared to yearly production. The data uses IMF figures for general government gross debt.

High ratio like over 100% means debt exceeds one year's GDP. It signals risks to fiscal sustainability. Countries may face higher borrowing costs or need stimulus cuts. Japan at 236.7% carries big load but manages via domestic holdings.

Data shows recent IMF estimates, likely for 2023. It ranks countries by current debt levels. No time series or forecasts are in this set. Values reflect latest available snapshots from source.

Data comes from IMF via economicshelp.org. It covers general government gross debt but lacks details on interest costs or private holdings. Some countries like Venezuela face default issues not fully captured. Source notes recent estimates without exact dates.